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Objective:To explore the association between dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH), norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene polymorphisms and panic disorder(PD).Methods:The structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis Ⅰ disorders was administered by trained clinical psychiatrist, 139 patients with PD(PD group) and 196 healthy controls(control group) were enrolled in the study.Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) genotyping was performed using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique.SPSS 16.0 and PLINK softwares were used to compare the allele frequency and genotype distribution.Results:(1)Compared with control group, PD group carried more G allele(76.3% vs 68.4%) and fewer A allele(23.7% vs 31.6%) in NET rs5569, and the difference was significant(χ 2=4.986, OR=0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.95, P<0.05). However, the correlation was no longer significant after adjusting for Bonferroni’s multiple testing( P>0.05). (2)The additive model of NET rs5569 showed a association with PD ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.48-0.96, P<0.05). And the recessive model of DβH rs1611114 showed a association with PD( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.96, P<0.05). However, these correlations were no longer significant after adjusting for Bonferroni's multiple testing( P>0.05). (3)No matter allele or genotype, there were no significant differences in DβH (rs129882, rs1611114, rs1611115) and NET (rs2242446, rs28386840) gene polymorphisms between panic disorder group and control group(all P>0.05). Conclusion:The present study indicates that there is no significant association of DβH and NET gene polymorphisms with PD.
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Objective:To explore whether brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promoter methylation status is associated with panic disorder(PD), and then assess the effect of the BDNF gene methylation status on the severity of clinical symptoms in PD.Methods:The methylation levels of the BDNF gene were compared between 111 patients with PD and 130 matched healthy controls using MethylTarget approach.In addition, the panic disorder severity scale(PDSS), Hamilton anxiety rating scale(HAM-A), and Hamilton depression rating scale(HAM-D) were respectively assessed to all subjects.Results:(1)The result showed that 7 CpG regions from the promoter regions of the BDNF gene were sequenced.However, there was no statistically significant differences between cases and controls in terms of BDNF DNA methylation status ( OR=1.087, 95% CI=0.849-1.391, P>0.05). (2)Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the hypermethylation of BDNF gene was significantly associated with the severity of the depressive symptoms in PD patients (all P<0.05). The methylation levels of BDNF gene was not significantly related to the severity of anxiety and panic in PD patients(all P>0.05). Conclusion:No association between BDNF promoter methylation status and panic disorder is found in Chinese Han population, but BDNF promoter methylation status may be related to the severity of depressive symptoms in patient with panic disorder.
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Objective@#To explore the perception and evaluation of patients with somatic symptom disorder about their own diseases and treatment, and to provide theoretical basis for design of illness perception questionnaire for patients with somatic symptoms disorder.@*Methods@#A semi-structured interview was conducted among 15 initial and untreated patients with somatic symptom disorder using the descriptive qualitative study. The data were sorted, encoded, classified, summarized and refined using MAXQDA10 software.@*Results@#Three main themes and six sub-themes of illness perception in patients with somatic symptom disorder were analyzed and sorted out: (1) symptom recognition: including three sub-themes, low understanding of the disease and denial of somatic symptoms as mental illness; (2)drug taking concerns: including two sub-themes worrying about side effects of drugs, drug addiction and having difficulty to stick to the long-term regular medication; (3)emotional reaction: including the obvious negative emotions of depression and helplessness sub-theme.@*Conclusion@#Patients with somatic symptom disorder have a general bias in illness perception, which has a potential adverse effect on treatment compliance. Therefore, it is necessary for clinical medical staff to early estimate patients’illness perception, and carry out mental health education and rational emotional behavior therapy.
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Objective To explore the perception and evaluation of patients with somatic symptom disorder about their own diseases and treatment,and to provide theoretical basis for design of illness percep-tion questionnaire for patients with somatic symptoms disorder. Methods A semi-structured interview was conducted among 15 initial and untreated patients with somatic symptom disorder using the descriptive quali-tative study. The data were sorted,encoded,classified,summarized and refined using MAXQDA10 software. Results Three main themes and six sub-themes of illness perception in patients with somatic symptom dis-order were analyzed and sorted out:(1) symptom recognition:including three sub-themes,low understanding of the disease and denial of somatic symptoms as mental illness;(2)drug taking concerns:including two sub-themes worrying about side effects of drugs,drug addiction and having difficulty to stick to the long-term reg-ular medication;(3)emotional reaction:including the obvious negative emotions of depression and helpless-ness sub-theme. Conclusion Patients with somatic symptom disorder have a general bias in illness percep-tion,which has a potential adverse effect on treatment compliance. Therefore,it is necessary for clinical med-ical staff to early estimate patients’illness perception,and carry out mental health education and rational e-motional behavior therapy.
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Objective To understand the serum gonadal hormone level of female patients with panic disorder(PD),and to analyze its relationship with the disease severity.Methods The chemiluminescence method was adopted to detect serum gonadal hormone level in 57 female patients with panic disorder and 74 healthy subjects,the panic disorder severity scale (PDSS),Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were simultaneously used to conduct the investigation.Results The serum pituitary prolactin (PRL) level in the female patients with PD had lower level was higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);the luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The difference of the serum testosterone,estradiol and progesterone levels between the female patients with panic disorder and control group was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).The correlation analysis found that serum T level in the female patients with PD was negatively correlated with the disease severity of panic disorder,HAMD total score,retardation factor and sleep disorder factor (P＜0.05).Serum LH and FSH were positively correlated with the anxiety somatic factor of HAMA (P＜0.05).Serum FSH level was positively correlated with anxiety somatization and the sleep disorder factor of HAMD (P＜0.05).Conclusion The disorder of gonadal hormone levels may exist in the female patients with PD,and the serum T level is correlated with the PD severity and depressive symptoms.
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Objective To explore the mediating effects of security on the severity of panic disorder and life events.Methods Security Questionnaire(SQ),life event scale(LES)were used to investigate 97 cases of patients with panic disorder and 108 cases of normal control group. The severity of panic disorder was assessed by panic disorder severity scale(PDSS).And the correlation and hierarchical regression analy-sis were used.Results ①The panic disorder patients' positive life stimulation(7.95±6.00)were less than that the normal control group's(18.06± 13.60),negative life stimulation and total life events stimulation ((36.64±29.98),(44.59±31.24))were higher than that of the normal control group(respectively(10.19± 7.89),(28.25±14.51)),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Panic disorder patients' interpersonal security certainty in control and total score(respectively(18.89 ± 8.66),(17.88 ± 7.58), (36.76±13.47))were lower than that the normal control group(respectively(26.64±9.33),(24.34±8.33), (50.98±15.31)),the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).②Severity of panic disorder and positive life events were negatively related to positive events,the total score of security,interpersonal securi-ty,certainty in control(r=-0.262--0.392);severity of panic disorder were positively related to the negative life stimulation and total life event(r=0.346,0.280)(all P<0.01).③Security played a partial mediating role between the negative life events and the severity of panic disorder(beta value decreased from 0.346 to 0.253).Conclusion The patients with panic disorder have more negative life events,lower security.And negative life events and lower security are related to the severity of panic disorder.And security plays a partial mediating effect between the negative life events and the severity of panic disorder.
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Objective To explore the association between monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism and panic disorder,and then to compare panic disorder(PD) severity patient with different MAOA VNTR genotypes.Methods The structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fourth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) Axis I Disorders (SCID-1) was administered by a trained clinical psychiatrist,135 patients with PD and 195 healthy controls were recruited.MAOA-VNTR polymorphism were measured by fluorescent tags amplification product length polymorphism technology,Chi-square test was used to compare the distribution difference between each genotype and the allele frequency distribution.Results ①Whether male or female,there was no statistically significant difference between case group and healthy control group in the genotype and allele frequencies of MAOA-VN-TR polymorphism (x2=1.574,1.894,3.588;all P＜0.05).② There was no statistically significant difference between genotypes and panic disorder severity in the male with panic disorder ((14.46± 3.53),(14.15 ± 4.02);t=-0.247,P＞0.05).③)However,there was significant difference between genotypes and panic disorder severity in the female with panic disorder((13.15±3.47),(16.57±4.34),(15.27±4.91);F=4.222,P＜ 0.05).MAOA VNTR-L/L carriers experienced more serious panic (16.57 ± 4.34) than the patient with MAOA VNTR-H/H (13.15±3.47) (P＜0.01) by LSD multiple test.Conclusion No association between MAOA-VNTR polymorphism and panic disorder is found in Chinese Han population,but low activity homozygous genotype may be related to the severity of panic disorder in female patient with panic disorder.
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Objective To compare four PCR genotyping method for Clostridium botulinum,and provide the reliable method for detection and identification of Clostridium botulinum from surveillance and foodborn poisoning in Sichuan Province.Methods Six strains of C.botulinum types A,B and E were used to compare four PCR genotyping method-one muhiplex PCR method was from US FDA,two multiplex PCR method and one real-time PCR method were from ISO,and the differences were preliminarily analyzed.Results Three multiplex PCR method could detect C.botulinum types A,B and E in a single reaction.The expected bands for type A were vague using ISO multiplex PCR method 1,whereas bright expected bands could be obtained in the identification of C.botulinum by the other two multiplex PCR method.Real-time multiplex PCR method could detect different types of C.botulinum simultaneously;however,classification should be carried out separately because fluorescent labels were the same.Conclusion Multiplex PCR method from FDA and multiplex PCR method 2 from ISO were relatively simple and could be recommended for C.botulinum surveillance in Sichuan Province.
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OBJECTIVETo screen the allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Yibin, Zhaotong and some areas of the Changjiang River, and to study the distribution characteristics of inhaled allergens. METHODSThe clinical data of 661 patients with allergic rhinitis who diagnosed by skin prick test from March 2013 to June 2015 in the First people's Hospital of Yibin City were studied.RESULTSIn 661 patients, the top 5 allergens and their positive rates of skin prick test were Dermatophagoides farinae (76.5%), house dust mites (72.01%), Roach (35.85%), cat hair (11.35%) and dog hair (8.62%) respectively. There were no statistical difference of the positive rates of allergens among different seasons (χ2=4.568, 0.206). With the increasing age of the patients, the positive rate of allergens was decreased. CONCLUSION The dominated allergens in patients with AR are dust mites, house dust mites and cockroaches in Yibin, Zhaotong and and some areas of the Changjiang River. The prevention and control of AR in children should be toke more attention.
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Objective To assess the prevalence and severity of burnout in medical staffs,and investigate associated demographic,perceived social support and job burnout.Methods Totally 618 medical staffs form Sichuan province people's hospital were selected by the systematic sampling method,and were tested by general state questionnaire,job burnout questionnaire and perceived social support scale.Results ①The prevalence of job burnout was 75.6％,including mild job burnout (36.1％),moderate (32.2％),severe (7.3％).②The scores of emotional exhaustion in the female medical staffs(20.50±8.35) was higher than the male medical staffs (19.07±7.76,P＜0.05).Divorced medical staffs had higher scores(18.28±7.13) than that of single and married medical staffs (15.05±5.00) in low personal accomplishment (P＜ 0.01).The medical personnel of different ages were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores,emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation (F=4.475,3.061,3.942,all P＜0.05).The medical personnel of different post,professional title and working years were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores and emotional exhaustion (F=6.920,13.968; 3.506,3.391;3.190,3.300,all P＜ 0.05).The medical personnel of different educational attainment were statistically significant difference in total job burnout scores,emotional exhaustion and low personal accomplishment(F=6.218,2.837,2.850,all P＜0.05).)Correlation analysis found that emotional exhaustion,depersonalisation,low personal accomplishment and total job burnout respectively with family support,friend support,and other support and total social support was significantly negative correlation (r=-0.126～-0.403,P＜0.01).④Regression analysis showed that education,family and friends support were protective factors for total job burnout(OR=-0.248,95％ CI =0.625-0.975 ; OR=-0.084,95％ CI =0.862-0.980 ; OR=-0.091,95％ CI =0.860-0.968 ; all P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of job burnout is high in medical staffs.The medical staffs of different sex,age,title,jobs,education,working years,marital status are showed the differences job burnout scores,which is closely related to the perceived social support.
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Objective To discuss Si tactic of breathing exercises on the rehabilitation of lung function, dyspnea, distance of 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), respiratory muscle endurance and quality of life in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 63 patients with COPD were divided into experimental group with 31 cases and control group with 32 cases according to random digital table method. The experimental group were given routine treatment and nursing care, take Si tactic of breathing exercises. The control group were given routine treatment and nursing care only. Both groups were given treatment for 4 months. The indexes of lung function (FEV1, FEV1%, FEV1/FVC), scores of the Modified Medical Research Council Scale (MMRC), 6MWD, scores of Saint-George′s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) changes before and after the therapy were measured. Results After intervention, the lung function as measured by FEV1, MVV, 6MWD showed a significant improvement in the experimental group, and was higher than that in the control group[(1.42±0.43) L vs.(1.22±0.32) L and(1.21±0.45) L,(52.39±14.21) L vs.(47.20±14.59) L and (43.65±11.89) L, (288.36±71.70) m vs.(244.42±71.50) m and (250.56 ±79.25) m, P<0.05]; MMRC scores, SGRQ scores, activities and daily life part score were lower after intervention and was lower than that in the control group [(2.63 ±1.00) points vs. (3.21 ±0.92) points and (3.14±1.12) points, (44.38±5.23) points vs. (54.74±5.73) points and (52.87±5.49) points, (41.25± 6.03) pints vs.(66.48±6.38) points and (64.13±5.34) points, (28.00±7.34) points vs. (44.87±4.86) points and (42.31 ±9.12) points, P<0.05]. Conclusions For COPD patients in stable stage, Si tactic of breathing exercises can improve the pulmonary function and alleviate dyspnea, enhance exercise endurance and respiratory endurance, thereby improve the quality of life of patients, so this is one of the method for comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation in the future.
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Objective This study investigated the differences between axillary temperature monitored for 5min and 10min with mercury in glass thermometers. Methods A sample of 365 patients had axillary temperatures monitored for five minutes and ten minutes, Relevant research data were analyzed by meta analysis. Results At α=0.05 level, the result of paired t test between 5 minutes and 10 minutes temperature indicated that there was statistical difference, Meta analysis had the same result, Temperaturedata of 365 patients were expressed in the Bland-Altman plot which displayed that their consistency can not be accepted in the professional. Conclusions The optimal axillary mercury thermometer placement time for recording human body temperature is 10 minutes.
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Background In recent years,some researches had been conducted on the pathologic changes of the secondary injury of perihematoma in animal experiments,but only a few studies had been done on the dynamic pathologic and ultrastructural changes of the perihematoma in ICH patients. The unique contribution of our study is to investigate the dynamic pathologic and ultrastructural changes of the perihematoma in ICH patients and provide significant insights into how the pathophysiology and ultrastructures changed after ICH.Methods The written informed consents were obtained from the ICH patients or their relatives. 30 patients (the supertentorial hemotoma volume＞30 mi and the cerebellar hemotoma volume ＞10 mi) were divided into 8 groups according to the time passed after ICH:＜6 h (6 patients), 6 ～ 12 h (7 patients), 12 ～24 h (5 patients), 24～48 h (3 patients), 48 ～72 h (3 patients), 3 ～4 days group (3 patients), 5 days group (2 patients) and 8 days group ( 1 patient) and subjected to craniotomy for hemotoma evacuation. During the operation for the hemotoma's evacuation, a small amount of tissues that must be removed, which located at 1 cm near the hematoma, were taken as experimental groups; And the same tissues of 7 patients (＜12 h), which were far from the hemotoma on the operational way, were taken as control group. The pathologic and ultrastructral changes were observed.Results The tissues of the control group were almost normal while the damages of the tissues from the experimental groups were slight in ＜6 h groups, more severe after 6h and got to the maximum between 24 ～48 h , recovered gradually after 72 h, became similar to the 6 ～ 12 h group on 5 th day, got better on 8 th day and resembled the 6 h group.Conclusions The injury of the perihematoma occurred in early stage, reached the peak level between 24 and 48 hours after ICH; which was consistent to the clinical nervous functional deficits in the ICH patients.
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Objective To investigate the influential factors of cognitive impairment after lacunar brain infarction(LBI).Methods The neuropsychological tests including mini-mental state examination(MMSE) scale,clock-drawing test(CDT),execute function(EF)in ADAS-cog were applied in 136 LBI patients(LBI group) and 60 gender,age and concomitant chronic diseases matched controls(control group).Those results were compared between the two groups.The influence of the LBI patients's age,the number of cerebral lesion and concomitant disease(hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia) on the scores of the above tests were analyzed.Results(1)The incidence of cognitive impairment in LBI group(55.8%) was distinctly higher than that in control group(15%);the scores of total MMSE and CDT in LBI group were significantly lower than those in control group;while the EF score was higher(all P
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0.05). Conclusion Epilepsy and short-term or long-term TPM treatment have no effect on serum thyroid hormone levels in adults with epilepsy.